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死寂China Q&A | Green thinking, new pathways: how China's ancient wisdom is scaling up Nature-based Solutions_我的网站
一 | By Lin Zhuowei (ECNS) -- The cicadas were deafening in Haizhu National Wetland Park on a sweltering summer morning. An electric buggy carrying a delegation of Chinese and international experts wound its way through unbroken groves of lychee and longan trees. Were it not for the distant silhouette of the Canton Tower, one could easily forget that this lush expanse sat squarely in the heart of a megacity of close to 20 million people. "Wait, please stop the car." Stewart Maginnis, deputy director general of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), leaned forward abruptly and asked the driver to pull over. He pulled out his phone and aimed his lens at the lake, where the gleaming Canton Tower rose beyond a sweep of almost unbroken green, perfectly embedded in the city's skyline. "I took that picture because I want to be able to show when I make presentations of how you can have a very rich, very vibrant, very biodiverse area well managed in the city for the benefit of people and nature," Maginnis later explained in an exclusive interview with China News Network. For him, that seamless marriage of urban landscape and natural beauty was both a living embodiment of China's ancient philosophy of "harmony between humanity and nature" and a reflection of the core idea behind Nature-based Solutions, or NbS. That unscheduled stop opened the door to a far-reaching conversation about China's ecological transformation and its place in global environmental governance. Green thinking: a real shift in leadership "If you look back in the 20th century, a lot of the conservation thinking and leadership was more Western," Maginnis said, seated in the shade of a tree. "I'm convinced that we're seeing a real shift to global leadership coming from this region, and particularly from China." The shift, in the eyes of Maginnis, one of the architects of the global NbS concept, transcends money or measurable environmental improvements. More important is that "China is bringing in really much-needed new conceptual framings for how we will undertake conservation on a planet with nearly 10 billion people." The heart of that framing, he said, can be boiled down to a single word: coexistence. "And specifically, I would actually say the whole concept of coexistence — that we don't separate one area here and then we can do whatever we want elsewhere, that we need to see nature conservation as a whole-of-society, a whole-of-planet approach." Luo Ming, a research fellow at the Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center of China's Ministry of Natural Resources, sees that same logic running deep in China's own traditions. "We have long embraced the philosophy of 'harmony between humanity and nature'," Luo said. "Stewart has been promoting 'coexistence' everywhere he goes, and that is exactly what this ancient idea means." For Luo, this is no abstract concept. She pointed to the Dujiangyan Irrigation System, built more than two millennia ago and still functioning today. It uses a fish-mouth-shaped weir to split the flow of Minjiang River, the Feishayan floodgate to separate sediment, and the Baopingkou diversion passage to irrigate the Chengdu Plain. "Of course, we cannot define Dujiangyan as an NbS project outright, because NbS is a modern concept. Nevertheless, its approach of leveraging natural processes to meet human needs is consistent with the core spirit of NbS." In China, she said, "we have this NbS gene." A test bed at scale: from pilot projects to mainstream action Maginnis rattled off the numbers of China's ecological restoration with the ease of someone who has been studying them for years. "If you look at the improvement in water quality, I think it's only in 10 to 15 years that we have seen an improvement of Grades Ⅰ to Ⅲ water from about 70 percent to well over 90 percent. And Grade Ⅴ has been reduced to almost nothing." He also noted that China now has 28 sites certified under the IUCN Green List — "the country with the most green listed sites in the world at the minute." What excites him most, however, is that China is moving beyond the perennial trap of pilot projects that never scale up. He described the country as "the engine room of developing and applying Nature-based Solutions." "There is definitely a lot of interest in Nature-based Solutions, but people tend to be saying, 'We want to pilot-test Nature-based Solutions.' My response, in that case, is: 'Well, go to China. Nature-based Solutions are already being scaled up in China.'" Why China? Luo offered a systematic explanation. Beneath the NbS successes, she said, lies a profound intellectual evolution: from the ancient ideal of harmony to the modern vision of a "community of life" — mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts are all parts of a community of life. "Those who plant trees cannot focus merely on afforestation; those managing water cannot focus merely on water governance; those protecting farmland cannot focus merely on farmland conservation. This 'community of life' philosophy shifts our mindset from isolated, fragmented restoration towards holistic, systematic thinking. This is also the essence of NbS." That philosophy has been locked in place by hard institutions. The "Two Mountains" theory — "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" — brings ecosystem services into the heart of development planning. It is backed by the world's largest ecological protection compensation program, channeling more than 200 billion yuan (about US$29.5 billion) a year from central funds. Ecological red lines, permanent basic farmland boundaries and a unified national spatial planning map have turned NbS projects into something "verifiable, measurable and auditable" in China. Luo noted that this approach meets the three prerequisites for NbS that the global community widely agrees on: high-level political commitment, collective coordinated action, and scaling up and mainstreaming. A sanctuary in the city: what Haizhu reveals The most persuasive evidence came from the very ground beneath their feet. Haizhu Wetland was once a flood-prone expanse of fruit orchards, a "10,000-mu orchard" that has been transformed into an ecological lung for the city. Park staff describe it with a local motto: "Step inside, and you are in nature; step outside, and you are in prosperity." Four metro lines reach the surrounding area, stitching the wetland into the fabric of daily life. "In a different place in the world under less visionary leadership, Haizhu might have been converted to a prime development site, and it could have been converted to buildings and whatnot," Maginnis remarked. Instead, Guangzhou chose to protect the green space and then enhance it, removing invasive species and restoring habitats to create an intensely vibrant ecosystem. It was Luo's first visit to Haizhu, but she read its landscape immediately. "Look at its ridges and furrows, the drainage and irrigation system; that's traditional wisdom." She observed that by preserving natural spaces and restoring natural processes, the wetland tackles multiple challenges at once. "When a rainstorm comes, it serves as a retention area. Its wetland area is large, so it can cope with extreme weather and climate change, and the biodiversity is very rich." For her, this is the essence of NbS. "Nature-based Solutions are not about solving a single problem. In traditional flood control, we might channelize and harden a riverbed so that the water can flow away quickly. But the NbS approach is to restore the hydrological process, improve connectivity, slow the water down, and create more space for retention, so that it doesn’t cause disaster." At the same time, she added, "the wetlands and green belts along both banks serve as buffer zones, providing purification, biodiversity, and places for people to rest and enjoy themselves. It can deliver multiple ecosystem services, not just a single service." What struck Maginnis equally was the cultural dimension. Traditional farming practices are kept alive here as a living repository of local culture. More than 500,000 schoolchildren arrive each year by metro to plant rice and learn to become "green citizens." The wetland has even yielded three species never recorded before. "This place is protected by law," a staff member explained. "Nobody has the right to demolish it. It can endure for generations and become a treasured part of their childhood memories." For Maginnis, that fusion of nature and culture is the key. "Our conservation objectives cannot be separated from our own culture and our own philosophy of how we move forward. That's part of the reason why I think China is so successful in having a nature conservation strategy based on coexistence." Luo saw a still deeper layer. "Seeing the beauty of the water lilies, seeing the process of the wild rice stem from a seed to the root being used by humans, we can feel that we are indeed a community of life," she said. "You might say you are restoring nature, but perhaps it is nature that is healing and restoring you. Humanity and nature are indeed a community of life; it exists in every moment of our daily lives." New pathways for a warming world Faced with the triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation, Maginnis believes China is no longer just offering a vision — it is handing over a practical toolbox. He pointed to the restoration of the Loess Plateau and the removal of invasive Spartina from the coastal wetlands of Yancheng in Jiangsu. "One of the very first Nature-based Solutions we identified is the restoration of the Loess Plateau that was highly degraded, and brought back into vibrant biodiversity, vibrant productivity. It's the real coexistence of man and nature." "I think there are multiple lessons down at the site level, how to do things, but then I think there is more from the governance perspective." The Chinese approach, he said, is not simply about creating isolated protected areas but about "bringing nature right through all of society and all sectors." On the international stage, he noted that China's leadership in securing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is already having ripple effects. In Bangkok, drawing on sponge-city concepts and with advice from China, an old tobacco factory has been turned into an NbS wetland that buffers surrounding districts from floods while doubling as a public park. Luo added a note of balance. China's NbS pathway, she said, is distinctly institution-driven, and it differs from the market-oriented pathways being explored internationally, such as carbon credits, biodiversity credits, and green finance instruments. "Of course, we should not judge which model is superior. Instead, we should learn from each other and draw on each other's strengths." As the conversation turned to the future of the planet, Luo's tone grew heavier. "Six out of nine planetary boundaries for Earth have already been exceeded. Climate tipping points are being breached, and many international agreements are advancing slowly. The future holds tremendous uncertainty." She paused, but her gaze did not waver. "Yet precisely because of this, we must act. Humanity is part of a community with a shared future. No country can be left behind. And in this grand narrative, every single one of us is a protagonist." She issued a call that was disarmingly simple: "Start from ourselves. Use one less plastic bag, drive (petrol) one day less, sort your rubbish. These are not slogans; they are the small things in daily life. If everyone does this, our planet will surely become better and better." A breeze rippled across the Haizhu wetlands, stirring faint reflections of the Canton Tower on the water. In that quiet shimmer, the words of the experts seemed to hang in the air: whatever lies ahead, the green experiments taking root on this patch of land have already opened a window for the world.
二 | 这样田园牧歌式的生活成本极低，粮食、蔬果甚至鸡鸭鱼肉都能自给自足。在我有记忆以来的人生经历中，极少听到家族中有谁谈论自己的养老问题，尽管父辈中年龄最大的人已经超过60岁。
三 | 他们从黄泥巴地里蹚出来，成为木匠、泥瓦匠或油漆工，候鸟般飞向沿海发达地区。
四 | 湖北作为劳务输出大省的统计数字背后，是千千万万像我的父辈们这样的身影。
五 | 最早开始关注父母的养老问题，是在我上大学前两年。
六 | 父母早婚早育，那时尚不足四十五岁，如果及时缴纳灵活就业社保，至六十岁时可以缴满十五年。但现实是，母亲在县城餐馆端盘子，月入一千八，父亲在广东一家建筑工厂卖苦力，年收入六七万元，而我每年需耗费家庭三万元资金求学。让捉襟见肘的父母每年支出一两万元，用于缴纳他们毫无概念的社保，无异于天方夜谭。 2018年前后，父亲换到另一家工厂，老板和我们同县，算半个老乡。对方和父亲商量，工钱可以直接给全额现金，或者按5000/月的基薪交社保，还有一部分给现金。父亲和我说起这件事，我极力建议他选后者，一定要交上社保。他起初确实听了我的话，每月以5000元的基薪交着最低系数的五险，后面自己觉得拿到手的钱少了还是难以接受，又换回了全额领现金的结薪方式。 我很难去指摘父辈们更看重眼前利益的思维局限，他们从物资匮乏年代走过来，对未来的信任远不及对当下的依赖，财物都要紧紧攥在手心才踏实，60岁以后要怎么过？农村里多的是每月领着一两百块退休金生活的老人，也没见谁饿死。 他们对养老的认知，可能仅仅在于活着，还远未抵达活得好、活得有尊严的层面。
七 | 当我开始系统研究农村养老政策时，发现有无数像我一样的农村独生女们正在积极寻找破局之路，有人通过子女随迁的方式将父母的户口迁到成都，因为那里的基础养老金更高，有人为父母买了商业保险作为另一重保障……她们主动将自己的经历转化为可复用的经验，在社交平台无私分享、彼此支撑。
八 | 在这期间，我也了解到我们村里每年都会挨家挨户上门收取城乡居民养老保险，几乎所有人都是按照最低档来缴纳的。据我母亲回忆，“一开始只收100块，有一阵变成了200块，现在要收300块了。” 她说的正是城乡居民养老保险最低档次的逐年提额过程，这种渐进式的提升，背后是国家层面的努力，却也暴露了制度与百姓认知之间的鸿沟。 为摸清前路，我开始向同辈取经： 一位同龄的本地朋友，父母从很早前就开始缴纳灵活就业保险，每人每年需要交一万多块，退休后按目前测算每人每月可以领2000元左右； 一位成都的朋友，给父母缴纳的养老保险金额是逐年提升的，每年涨1000元左右，至退休时两人合计每月可以领取三千多元； 我的堂哥，父母也就是我的舅舅、舅妈，两人都是按当年最低档缴纳的城乡居民养老保险，目前均年满60岁，两人每月的养老金加起来不足500元。年过六旬的舅舅仍然在工地做一些零活，舅妈在家带孙子，暂无其他收入来源。 城乡居民养老保险的月领取标准是由个人账户余额/139、基础养老金、年限养老金三部分组成，基础养老金看当地政策，年限养老金影响不大，重点在于个人养老账户余额。 结合身边人的经验，咨询过本地社保局，我心里有了结论，必须说服父母接下来每年按最高档8000元来缴费。父亲仍然很抵触，坚持只交最低档，母亲更容易说服一些，最终结果是，2024年母亲缴纳了5000元，我帮父亲缴纳了3000元。 转折发生在2025年，我偶然刷到前期已经缴纳的养老保险可以退费再补缴的信息，第一时间打给本地社保局咨询具体情况，得知可以先办理2019年至2024年的退费，再重新按最高档补缴这5年的费用。 图：测算父母退休后的月领取标准 我查阅了父母往年的缴费信息，自己先列表测算他们退休后可以领取的金额，再用word文档里列框架演练说辞，最后将上千字的分析小文章拆解成小段，发至我们仨的家庭小群里，让他们慢慢翻看和消化。母亲很快响应，父亲直到晚上才在群里回应，“就按你说的办。” 我顿时如释重负，虽然我知道，父亲妥协的并不是政策，而是我的良苦用心。 办理过程波折迭起。父亲的手机号是我的副卡，绑定的是我的名字，请假去银行办卡受阻，又去营业厅咨询，得到的回复是需要我和父亲同时持身份证到本地营业厅才能办理更名手续。 连连受阻以后，我开始担心本就勉强同意的父亲动摇心态。我尝试问他能不能坐高铁来一趟武汉，办完更名和银行卡以后再回广东，后续手续可以由母亲在县城政务服务中心代办。
九 | 父亲这次倒是爽快同意了，第二天就坐车到了武汉，更名、办卡都顺利解决。老家离武汉近，父亲还主动回老家和母亲一起去办理了退费手续，同时缴纳了2025年的最高档8000元和子女资助8000元，这远远超出我的预期。 目前手续仍未完成，需要等待退费到账后再补缴，但我心中的巨石已经半落。我们这一代农村独生女，在父母的养老破局之路上，不仅是政策信息的收集者和解读者，更是政策执行与父母认知之间的翻译官。 养老从依靠土地、依靠子女，到尝试理解并信任现代社会制度，是千千万万农村父母正在经历的历史性转身。 我想起每年春节回老家，和父母一起去山上祭扫，老家叫“送亮”，一直觉得这个词语很形象，隆冬时节，一路上的景致颇为寂寥，但阡陌纵横的田间路梗上满是三五成群的上坟人，小小的烛火在天将暗未暗之时，也零零星星地亮起来。 城市化进程加速的迁徙之痛，我在这些时刻感受尤为深刻，祖辈们生于乡土也葬于乡土，父辈们走出田埂，成为时代滚滚向前巨轮下的第一批农民工，轮到我这一辈，乘着“知识改变命运”的最后一点东风，终于在父辈们奉献大半生建设的城市里安居。 无数个像我这样的农村独生女，正在用柔弱的肩膀扛起育儿和养老的双重责任，既要向前奔跑，又要回头搀扶，在个体与时代的碰撞中，成为连接农村与城市的桥梁，用微小的力量参与这场深刻的社会变迁。 当父亲坐上高铁来汉的那一刻，他跨越的不仅是两地距离，更是两代人对养老的认知鸿沟。 Current article:http://t1z9m4o.qiuergejiaolaiaozhuangshi.buzz/news/20260826_352.html Published on:03:07:20 |
。 七岁以前，生活在鄂南农村老家，门前一汪池塘，池边一棵枣树。
那时四代同堂，小叔和堂哥们都还年少，上树摘果，下水捉鱼，小叔拿圆木盆当船，双手为浆，立刻便划到水中央采菱角。少年孔武的手臂搅碎了水面的平静，也搅动着村庄的人烟，青灰色的瓦片上嵌着小小的方形烟囱，青白的炊烟就从那里袅袅而起，仿佛大地发出的沉重叹息，沉重又绵长。
